No in Russian Usage and Expressions

Abraham Maslow And Carl Rogers - 1898 Words

Humanistic psychology is the field most related to the study and advancement of positive human experience. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are from a Humanistic way to deal with thought and are two of the organizers of Humanistic psychology. Rogers and Maslow occupied with an idea of self-realization and attributes and the prerequisites to accomplish it. They thought about a large number of the same inquiries sought after by constructive analysts, in what capacity can advisors manufacture moral obligation? Carl Rogers treatment created from his conviction that people have the ability to move themselves toward better working by finding and communicating their genuine selves. Of focal enthusiasm to Maslow treatment was the procedure by which people could get to be self-completed, a state in which they had admittance to the full scope of their gifts and qualities. These gifts and qualities, which Maslow referred to as normal for a self-completed individual, are particularly the subject of ebb and flow positive psychology research (Duckworth, A. L., Steen, T. An., and Seligman, M. E. P. 2005, pg. 632). Through this bit of composing let us attempt to comprehend the key thoughts of Maslow, Rogers and the contrasts between their thoughts. Their Theories Abraham Maslow was a popular American analyst who occupied with much research about the human personality focusing on individuals through a humanistic methodology. He is widely acclaimed for his Hierarchy of Needs. This is anShow MoreRelatedAbraham Maslow And Carl Rogers872 Words   |  4 PagesHumanistic Key Figures: Just list the key people associated with the theory Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Key Concepts of Personality Formation: This should be about two paragraphs discussing the key concepts of the theory and how they relate to personality development. Do not just list! Abraham Maslow developed a holistic theory. He believed that people have a set of basic needs that are prearranged in a hierarchical order. These needs will begging with biological need and would evolved to needsRead MoreExamining Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Theories863 Words   |  3 PagesI hereby will be focusing on Humanistic Perspectives by examining Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers’s theories. I will examine their theories, by starting with Carl Rogers’s theory then Abraham Maslow’s theory. I will also evaluate the human perspectives and apply Abraham Maslow’s theory to my own life. Roger’s Person-centred Carl Roger was one of the founders of human potential movement, he agreed with the main assumptions of Maslow but he added that for an individual to grow they need an environmentRead MoreHumanistic Theories Debate On Abraham Maslow And Carl Rogers1617 Words   |  7 Pages Humanistic Theories Debate Team B – Anthony Garcia, Becky Billison, Cher Keen, Britanie McKernan, Megan Groulx PSY/310 September 7, 2015 Dr. Sadie Fine â€Æ' Humanistic Theories Debate In the debate between Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, both whom are humanistic theorists that share a mutual interest in the teachings of self-actualization, will discuss the specifics of their individual theories regarding the main points, their contributions, and the criticism they have received about their theoriesRead MoreThe Theory Of Self Actualization Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagesare: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers and Viktor Frankl alone with many others. These three psychologist had studied and constructed the theory of self-Actualization and the meaning of life. They have agreed that self-actualization represents growth of an individual towards fulfillment of the highest need. Roger’s created the theory implicating, growth potential, by focusing on the, real self and the, ideal self, implying that this come with a full functioning person (Roger, Carl R., 2007) . Maslow, reflectsRead MoreBiological And Humanistic Concepts Of The Maslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1364 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality In this paper, I will show you how Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers agreed on the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and also the biological and humanistic approach. â€Å"The hierarchy of needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development† (Orana, 2009). Maslow’s book Personality and Motivation was published in 1954 introducing his theory of the hierarchy of needs. Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) first introduced his conceptRead Moresimilarities and differences between greece and ancient rome educational sytems2560 Words   |  11 PagesAn application of Abraham Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs to Carl Rogers 10 Principles of Learning An Application of Abraham Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs to Carl Roger’s 10 Principles of Learning Colin W Lambert Regent’s College School of Psychotherapy Counselling Psychology This paper was produced as part of the Foundation Course of RCSPCP Summer Intensive 2011 All correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Colin Lambert 34 South Molton Street London W1K5RG E-mail:Read MoreDescription in Detail of the Humanistic Theories by Rogers and Maslow1517 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal growth. People like Carl Rogers who have brought about person-centred theory and Abraham Maslow who has developed a hierarchy of needs, where he emphasized on self-actualization. There is an evaluation on both Rogers and Maslow theories, on how they are based on their own assumptions and views, and I apply Maslow’s theory of self-actualization into my own personal life. 2. Description in detail of the Humanistic theories by Rogers (person-centred) and Maslow (self-actualization) and theRead MoreEssay Development and Diversity1006 Words   |  5 PagesModule 2 Assignment: Development and Diversity The purpose of this assignment is to explain the main components of the humanist theory. Two American psychologists, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers paved the way for this new approach to understanding personality and improving the overall satisfaction of individuals. Next, I will show how the humanist theory is used in the classroom and what problems are possible. Finally, a 3rd grade learning activity that uses some aspect of the humanist theory willRead MoreA Case Study On Shazad Hussain Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper presents a case study on Shazad Hussain. Shazad is a 41-year old who is married with two children. This case study will focus on the developmental theories of Erik Erikson, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers as they are applied to Shazad. Situational evidence from Shazad’s life is provided to either support or refute the theories of these renowned psychologists. A Case Study of Shazad Hussain In the following assignment I am going to conduct a human growth and development case studyRead MorePersonality Is A Of A Coherent Picture Of An Individual948 Words   |  4 Pages1960’s, psychologists such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers focused on the ways that â€Å"healthy† people behaved and reacted, as compared to Freud’s studies of â€Å"sick† people. Maslow and Rogers, who were deemed humanistic terrorists, were the first to genuinely study individuals in this way. While Maslow focused on the ways that humans progress through their needs, Rogers focused more on the environment in which individuals flourish psychologically. Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist who

Digital Fortress Chapter 59-62 Free Essays

Chapter 59 Susan reached for Commander Strathmore’s hand as he helped her up the ladder onto the Crypto floor. The image of Phil Chartrukian lying broken on the generators was burned into her mind. The thought of Hale hiding in the bowels of Crypto had left her dizzy. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 59-62 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The truth was inescapable-Hale had pushed Chartrukian. Susan stumbled past the shadow of TRANSLTR back toward Crypto’s main exit-the door she’d come through hours earlier. Her frantic punching on the unlit keypad did nothing to move the huge portal. She was trapped; Crypto was a prison. The dome sat like a satellite, 109 yards away from the main NSA structure, accessible only through the main portal. Since Crypto made its own power, the switchboard probably didn’t even know they were in trouble. â€Å"The main power’s out,† Strathmore said, arriving behind her. â€Å"We’re on aux.† The backup power supply in Crypto was designed so that TRANSLTR and its cooling systems took precedence over all other systems, including lights and doorways. That way an untimely power outage would not interrupt TRANSLTR during an important run. It also meant TRANSLTR would never run without its freon cooling system; in an uncooled enclosure, the heat generated by three million processors would rise to treacherous levels-perhaps even igniting the silicon chips and resulting in a fiery meltdown. It was an image no one dared consider. Susan fought to get her bearings. Her thoughts were consumed by the single image of the Sys-Sec on the generators. She stabbed at the keypad again. Still no response. â€Å"Abort the run!† she demanded. Telling TRANSLTR to stop searching for the Digital Fortress pass-key would shut down its circuits and free up enough backup power to get the doors working again. â€Å"Easy, Susan,† Strathmore said, putting a steadying hand on her shoulder. The commander’s reassuring touch lifted Susan from her daze. She suddenly remembered why she had been going to get him. She wheeled, â€Å"Commander! Greg Hale is North Dakota!† There was a seemingly endless beat of silence in the dark. Finally Strathmore replied. His voice sounded more confused than shocked. â€Å"What are you talking about?† â€Å"Hale†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Susan whispered. â€Å"He’s North Dakota.† There was more silence as Strathmore pondered Susan’s words. â€Å"The tracer?† He seemed confused. â€Å"It fingered Hale?† â€Å"The tracer isn’t back yet. Hale aborted it!† Susan went on to explain how Hale had stopped her tracer and how she’d found E-mail from Tankado in Hale’s account. Another long moment of silence followed. Strathmore shook his head in disbelief. â€Å"There’s no way Greg Hale is Tankado’s insurance! It’s absurd! Tankado would never trust Hale.† â€Å"Commander,† she said, â€Å"Hale sank us once before-Skipjack. Tankado trusted him.† Strathmore could not seem to find words. â€Å"Abort TRANSLTR,† Susan begged him. â€Å"We’ve got North Dakota. Call building security. Let’s get out of here.† Strathmore held up his hand requesting a moment to think. Susan looked nervously in the direction of the trapdoor. The opening was just out of sight behind TRANSLTR, but the reddish glow spilled out over the black tile like fire on ice. Come on, call Security, Commander! Abort TRANSLTR! Get us out of here! Suddenly Strathmore sprang to action. â€Å"Follow me,† he said. He strode toward the trapdoor. â€Å"Commander! Hale is dangerous! He-â€Å" But Strathmore disappeared into the dark. Susan hurried to follow his silhouette. The commander circled around TRANSLTR and arrived over the opening in the floor. He peered into the swirling, steaming pit. Silently he looked around the darkened Crypto floor. Then he bent down and heaved the heavy trapdoor. It swung in a low arc. When he let go, it slammed shut with a deadening thud. Crypto was once again a silent, blackened cave. It appeared North Dakota was trapped. Strathmore knelt down. He turned the heavy butterfly lock. It spun into place. The sublevels were sealed. Neither he nor Susan heard the faint steps in the direction of Node 3. Chapter 60 Two-tone headed through the mirrored corridor that led from the outside patio to the dance floor. As he turned to check his safety pin in the reflection, he sensed a figure looming up behind him. He spun, but it was too late. A pair of rocklike arms pinned his body face-first against the glass. The punk tried to twist around. â€Å"Eduardo? Hey, man, is that you?† Two-Tone felt a hand brush over his wallet before the figure leaned firmly into his back. â€Å"Eddie!† the punk cried. â€Å"Quit fooling around! Some guy was lookin’ for Megan.† The figure held him firmly. â€Å"Hey, Eddie, man, cut it out!† But when Two-Tone looked up into the mirror, he saw the figure pinning him was not his friend at all. The face was pockmarked and scarred. Two lifeless eyes stared out like coal from behind wire-rim glasses. The man leaned forward, placing his mouth against Two-Tone’s ear. A strange, voice choked, â€Å"Adonde fue? Where’d he go?† The words sounded somehow misshapen. The punk froze, paralyzed with fear. â€Å"Adonde fue?† the voice repeated. â€Å"El Americano.† â€Å"The†¦ the airport. Aeropuerto,† Two-Tone stammered. â€Å"Aeropuerto?† the man repeated, his dark eyes watching Two-Tone’s lips in the mirror. The punk nodded. â€Å"Tenia el anillo? Did he have the ring?† Terrified, Two-Tone shook his head. â€Å"No.† â€Å"Viste el anillo? Did you see the ring?† Two-Tone paused. What was the right answer? â€Å"Viste el anillo?† the muffled voice demanded. Two-Tone nodded affirmatively, hoping honesty would pay. It did not. Seconds later he slid to the floor, his neck broken. Chapter 61 Jabba lay on his back lodged halfway inside a dismantled mainframe computer. There was a penlight in his mouth, a soldering iron in his hand, and a large schematic blueprint propped on his belly. He had just finished attaching a new set of attenuators to a faulty motherboard when his cellular phone sprang to life. â€Å"Shit,† he swore, groping for the receiver through a pile of cables. â€Å"Jabba here.† â€Å"Jabba, it’s Midge.† He brightened. â€Å"Twice in one night? People are gonna start talking.† â€Å"Crypto’s got problems.† Her voice was tense. Jabba frowned. â€Å"We been through this already. Remember?† â€Å"It’s a power problem.† â€Å"I’m not an electrician. Call Engineering.† â€Å"The dome’s dark.† â€Å"You’re seeing things. Go home.† He turned back to his schematic. â€Å"Pitch black!† she yelled. Jabba sighed and set down his penlight. â€Å"Midge, first of all, we’ve got aux power in there. It would never be pitch black. Second, Strathmore’s got a slightly better view of Crypto than I do right now. Why don’t you call him?† â€Å"Because this has to do with him. He’s hiding something.† Jabba rolled his eyes. â€Å"Midge sweetie, I’m up to my armpits in serial cable here. If you need a date, I’ll cut loose. Otherwise, call Engineering.† â€Å"Jabba, this is serious. I can feel it.† She can feel it? It was official, Jabba thought, Midge was in one of her moods. â€Å"If Strathmore’s not worried, I’m not worried.† â€Å"Crypto’s pitch black, dammit!† â€Å"So maybe Strathmore’s stargazing.† â€Å"Jabba! I’m not kidding around here!† â€Å"Okay, okay,† he grumbled, propping himself up on an elbow. â€Å"Maybe a generator shorted out. As soon as I’m done here, I’ll stop by Crypto and-â€Å" â€Å"What about aux power!† Midge demanded. â€Å"If a generator blew, why is there no aux power?† â€Å"I don’t know. Maybe Strathmore’s got TRANSLTR running and aux power is tapped out.† â€Å"So why doesn’t he abort? Maybe it’s a virus. You said something earlier about a virus.† â€Å"Damn it, Midge!† Jabba exploded. â€Å"I told you, there’s no virus in Crypto! Stop being so damned paranoid!† There was a long silence on the line. â€Å"Aw, shit, Midge,† Jabba apologized. â€Å"Let me explain.† His voice was tight. â€Å"First of all, we’ve got Gauntlet-no virus could possibly get through. Second, if there’s a power failure, it’s hardware-related-viruses don’t kill power, they attack software and data. Whatever’s going on in Crypto, it’s not a virus.† Silence. â€Å"Midge? You there?† Midge’s response was icy. â€Å"Jabba, I have a job to do. I don’t expect to be yelled at for doing it. When I call to ask why a multi billion-dollar facility is in the dark, I expect a professional response.† â€Å"Yes, ma’am.† â€Å"A simple yes or no will suffice. Is it possible the problem in Crypto is virus-related?† â€Å"Midge†¦ I told you-â€Å" â€Å"Yes or no. Could TRANSLTR have a virus?† Jabba sighed. â€Å"No, Midge. It’s totally impossible.† â€Å"Thank you.† He forced a chuckle and tried to lighten the mood. â€Å"Unless you think Strathmore wrote one himself and bypassed my filters.† There was a stunned silence. When Midge spoke, her voice had an eerie edge. â€Å"Strathmore can bypass Gauntlet?† Jabba sighed. â€Å"It was a joke, Midge.† But he knew it was too late. Chapter 62 The Commander and Susan stood beside the closed trapdoor and debated what to do next. â€Å"We’ve got Phil Chartrukian dead down there,† Strathmore argued. â€Å"If we call for help, Crypto will turn into a circus.† â€Å"So what do you propose we do?† Susan demanded, wanting only to leave. Strathmore thought a moment. â€Å"Don’t ask me how it happened,† he said, glancing down at the locked trapdoor, â€Å"but it looks like we’ve inadvertently located and neutralized North Dakota.† He shook his head in disbelief. â€Å"Damn lucky break if you ask me.† He still seemed stunned by the idea that Hale was involved in Tankado’s plan. â€Å"My guess is that Hale’s got the pass-key hidden in his terminal somewhere-maybe he’s got a copy at home. Either way, he’s trapped.† â€Å"So why not call building security and let them cart him away?† â€Å"Not yet,† Strathmore said, â€Å"if the Sys-Secs uncover stats of this endless TRANSLTR run, we’ve got a whole new set of problems. I want all traces of Digital Fortress deleted before we open the doors.† Susan nodded reluctantly. It was a good plan. When Security finally pulled Hale from the sublevels and charged him with Chartrukian’s death, he probably would threaten to tell the world about Digital Fortress. But the proof would be erased-Strathmore could play dumb. An endless run? An unbreakable algorithm? But that’s absurd! Hasn’t Hale heard of the Bergofsky Principle? â€Å"Here’s what we need to do.† Strathmore coolly outlined his plan. â€Å"We erase all of Hale’s correspondence with Tankado. We erase all records of my bypassing Gauntlet, all of Chartrukian’s Sys-Sec analysis, the Run-Monitor records, everything. Digital Fortress disappears. It was never here. We bury Hale’s key and pray to God David finds Tankado’s copy.† David, Susan thought. She forced him from her mind. She needed to stay focused on the matter at hand. â€Å"I’ll handle the Sys-Sec lab,† Strathmore said. â€Å"Run-Monitor stats, mutation activity stats, the works. You handle Node 3. Delete all of Hale’s E-mail. Any records of correspondence with Tankado, anything that mentions Digital Fortress.† â€Å"Okay,† Susan replied, focusing. â€Å"I’ll erase Hale’s whole drive. Reformat everything.† â€Å"No!† Strathmore’s response was stern. â€Å"Don’t do that. Hale most likely has a copy of the pass-key in there. I want it.† Susan gaped in shock. â€Å"You want the pass-key? I thought the whole point was to destroy the pass-keys!† â€Å"It is. But I want a copy. I want to crack open this damn file and have a look at Tankado’s program.† Susan shared Strathmore’s curiosity, but instinct told her unlocking the Digital Fortress algorithm was not wise, regardless of how interesting it would be. Right now, the deadly program was locked safely in its encrypted vault-totally harmless. As soon as he decrypted it†¦. â€Å"Commander, wouldn’t we be better off just to-â€Å" â€Å"I want the key,† he replied. Susan had to admit, ever since hearing about Digital Fortress, she’d felt a certain academic curiosity to know how Tankado had managed to write it. Its mere existence contradicted the most fundamental rules of cryptography. Susan eyed the commander. â€Å"You’ll delete the algorithm immediately after we see it?† â€Å"Without a trace.† Susan frowned. She knew that finding Hale’s key would not happen instantly. Locating a random pass-key on one of the Node 3 hard drives was somewhat like trying to find a single sock in a bedroom the size of Texas. Computer searches only worked when you knew what you were looking for; this pass-key was random. Fortunately, however, because Crypto dealt with so much random material, Susan and some others had developed a complex process known as a nonconformity search. The search essentially asked the computer to study every string of characters on its hard drive, compare each string against an enormous dictionary, and flag any strings that seemed nonsensical or random. It was tricky work to refine the parameters continually, but it was possible. Susan knew she was the logical choice to find the pass-key. She sighed, hoping she wouldn’t regret it. â€Å"If all goes well, it will take me about half an hour.† â€Å"Then let’s get to work,† Strathmore said, putting a hand on her shoulder and leading her through the darkness toward Node 3. Above them, a star-filled sky had stretched itself across the dome. Susan wondered if David could see the same stars from Seville. As they approached the heavy glass doors of Node 3, Strathmore swore under his breath. The Node 3 keypad was unlit, and the doors were dead. â€Å"Damn it,† he said. â€Å"No power. I forgot.† Strathmore studied the sliding doors. He placed his palms flat against the glass. Then he leaned sideways trying to slide them open. His hands were sweaty and slipped. He wiped them on his pants and tried again. This time the doors slid open a tiny crack. Susan, sensing progress, got in behind Strathmore and they both pushed together. The doors slid open about an inch. They held it a moment, but the pressure was too great. The doors sprang shut again. â€Å"Hold on,† Susan said, repositioning herself in front of Strathmore. â€Å"Okay, now try.† They heaved. Again the door opened only about an inch. A faint ray of blue light appeared from inside Node 3; the terminals were still on; they were considered critical to TRANSLTR and were receiving aux power. Susan dug the toe of her Ferragamo’s into the floor and pushed harder. The door started to move. Strathmore moved to get a better angle. Centering his palms on the left slider, he pushed straight back. Susan pushed the right slider in the opposite direction. Slowly, arduously, the doors began to separate. They were now almost a foot apart. â€Å"Don’t let go,† Strathmore said, panting as they pushed harder. â€Å"Just a little farther.† Susan repositioned herself with her shoulder in the crack. She pushed again, this time with a better angle. The doors fought back against her. Before Strathmore could stop her, Susan squeezed her slender body into the opening. Strathmore protested, but she was intent. She wanted out of Crypto, and she knew Strathmore well enough to know she wasn’t going anywhere until Hale’s pass-key was found. She centered herself in the opening and pushed with all her strength. The doors seemed to push back. Suddenly Susan lost her grip. The doors sprang toward her. Strathmore fought to hold them off, but it was too much. Just as the doors slammed shut, Susan squeezed through and collapsed on the other side. The commander fought to reopen the door a tiny sliver. He put his face to the narrow crack. â€Å"Jesus, Susan-are you okay?† Susan stood up and brushed herself off. â€Å"Fine.† She looked around. Node 3 was deserted, lit only by the computer monitors. The bluish shadows gave the place a ghostly ambiance. She turned to Strathmore in the crack of the door. His face looked pallid and sickly in the blue light. â€Å"Susan,† he said. â€Å"Give me twenty minutes to delete the files in Sys-Sec. When all traces are gone, I’ll go up to my terminal and abort TRANSLTR.† â€Å"You better,† Susan said, eyeing the heavy glass doors. She knew that until TRANSLTR stopped hoarding aux power, she was a prisoner in Node 3. Strathmore let go of the doors, and they snapped shut. Susan watched through the glass as the commander disappeared into the Crypto darkness. How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 59-62, Essay examples

Communication For Managers Characteristics of Business

Question: Discuss about the Communication For Managers of Characteristics of Business. Answer: Describe five characteristics of effective business messages. Communication is the soul of every business. It serves as the content and channel for ones vision, ideas, novelty, plans, strategies and solutions. Effective business communication is the chief aspect for professional success and strong interpersonal relationships. Effective communication should be engaging, encouraging, eloquent, meaningful and informative.[1] Business-related messages are usually communicated through e-mails, instant messaging, phone calls, answering machines, documentations, presentations, etc. These messages need to have the five major characteristics, i.e., the five Cs, in order to be effective and constructive. Courteousness And Conversational Tone A business message should have a pleasant and polite tone. Its important to show gallantry to encourage a response from the recipient. One should refrain from sounding too emotional, confrontational and complaining. Even if there is a disagreement or clash of thoughts; its important to maintain the courtesy and decency.[2] Instead of insulting and disgracing each other; professionals should try to maintain the decorum and civility. Positive words, pleasing tone and calmness make a business message turn out to be an effective one. Conciseness Being concise is one of the key elements for an effective business communication. Pitching the ideas and thoughts in a precise and crisp manner not only saves the crucial time of the business parties but also emphasizes on the actual and concrete message that needs to be communicated. Lengthy expressions, repetitive content and fillers might subdue or suppress the subject of the message. Eliminating unnecessary phrases, selecting action verbs, avoiding doublets and using active voice could help in creating a terse and defined business message.[3] Correctness And Accuracy Leaving a message with wrong information or confusing content is not only embarrassing but also unprofessional, time consuming and costly. Grammatical errors, misspelled names and wrong pronunciation could hamper the communication process.[4] Slangs and jargons ruin the essence of business communication. Before sending an e-mail or dialling a client; facts, figures, dates, spellings, punctuation marks and grammar should be thoroughly checked. Written messages should be edited and revised. Clarity The business message should be framed according to the receivers level of understanding and interest. Clearly stating the business idea, objectives, plan of action, procedures and issues help in creating a structured and organized message. Moreover, clarity implies ease of perception by being accessible and readable to the business partners, clients or employees. Completedness Written and verbal business communication is effective when the messages are complete. A good test is to evaluate whether the following questions: What, Who, When, Where, Why and How are answered well in the message or not.[5] Who Who is the intended receiver and does the business message contain content appropriate for the receiver? What What is the objective and what do the clients, associates and business partners need to perform? What challenges and issues have been discussed? When When is the meeting going to be held? When is the conference being organized? When is the product being launched? By when is the receiver expected to respond? Where Venue, electronic addresses, postal addresses, fax numbers, telephone numbers, etc. Where is the respondent expected to contact or reach? Why Why are the plans being formulated? Why is the involvement of reader necessary? How How the receivers are required to contribute to the proposal? How is the business proposal beneficial to the parties? Before conducting business in a foreign country, why is it worthwhile to learn common phrases in the native language even if your clients there will speak English? Todays economy is increasingly globalized and companies are constantly expanding overseas and dealing with clients from all over the world; therefore learning foreign language becomes self-evident. Though, there is no denying the importance of English language as a common means of communication across the globe, but learning common phrases in the native language of the clients and collaborators could reinforce cross-cultural understanding and build healthier or stronger connections.[6] Learning a foreign language is much beyond the grammar and vocabulary, in fact it strengthens the business relations, encourages cooperation, avoids confusion or misperception and helps in taking better decisions. Communicating comfortably with a native speaker encourages efficient and smooth business across big and complex markets. Making an effort to interact with the clients in their native language would reassure them about the business relationship going a long way. Languages are the bedrock of the worlds cultural heritage; understanding a language requires understanding its cultural component too. Learning a foreign language does not imply cramming a few sentences or phrases, in fact it encompasses proper usage of words, tone, expressions and attitude.[7] Therefore, for global competitors the most important factor is to be able to communicate in the native language of their clients on a wider and clearer basis. This uplifts the image of the organization and opens up better business opportunities. Moreover, expanding business in international markets is strongly dependent upon the level of customer awareness and customer satisfaction. This depends on how well the organization interacts and connects with the customers. Interacting in their native language would make the customers feel comfortable, contented and connected. The global marketing strategies should accentuate the culture, values, language and style of the target market. This understanding, respect and care for the customers would definitely have a positive impact on the growth and success of the business. As a result the business would get showered with trust, loyalty and positive word of mouth.[8] Scientific studies have proved that learning, appreciating and understanding the native language of the business partners, clients, suppliers and customers stimulate creativity and boost productive thinking. One of the renowned psychologists, Dr. Thomas Bak has explored that learning the native language of clients is an effective mental exercise and organizations begin to understand the world from the perspective of another culture and are empowered to have a broader horizon. Creative thinking and collaborated vision bring wonders to the business.[9] Just like language is the bridge to other countries, it is a tool expand business and shine globally. Though learning a foreign language requires substantial commitment of time and money but the incentives to learn a second language are compelling. What are the five common techniques for developing paragraphs? Thoughts, ideas and facts in writing should be presented in an organized and structured format. A paragraph, especially a business message, should be able to express the purpose, facts, issues, challenges, reasoning, characteristics and approach. In order to write an effective paragraph; its important to understand and follow the common principles or techniques for paragraph development. Development By Description A paragraph needs to be developed by details of facts, places, processes, relationships and people. Every idea needs to be adequately explained and supported through details. The descriptive mode helps the writer recreate the entire experience for the readers. Details of the setting and characters help readers mentally visualize the events. This makes the entire paragraph more explicit and interesting as it uses specific details and supporting ideas. This technique emphasises on sequence of events and proper arrangement of ideas which is quite useful for relaying background information and historical events.[10] Development Using Cause And Effect This technique is either used to highlight the impact and possible outcomes of an event, action and condition or to analyze and discuss the reasons or causes of certain incidents or circumstances. Here, the writer can use signal words like because, due to, as a result, therefore, consequently, etc.[11] For instance: The foreign collaborators are planning to visit us next week, therefore, our team has decided to conduct a cross-cultural training session for better understanding and healthy relations. Employees would be able to interact well with the collaborators without any hesitation which can open up doors for more opportunities. The above paragraph clearly states that since the overseas clients are planning to visit the organization (reason), the team needs to prepare well for strong business relations and prospective opportunities (possible outcomes). Development By Comparison And Contrast This is a helpful technique for either emphasizing on the similarities or focusing on the differences between people, objects, places, situations and ideas in order to reach a judgement or conclusion. This method offers a unique slant on the differences and similarities.[12] This technique is effective if: The writer has sufficient number of points to compare and contrast. The writer compares and contrasts the first point of first topic with the first point of second topic in a logical manner. Writing all the details, facts and ideas about the first topic and then presenting the entire information and supporting details of the other part. Achieving coherence by carefully using the transitions. Development Through Illustrations And Examples One of the most effective ways to support the validity of a conclusion is to cite a few examples. Development by instances, evidences and cases substantiate the idea contained in the topic sentence. Examples contribute vividness and concreteness to the paragraph. An illustration paragraph is a story mentioning the time, action, place, process which supports and develops the central subject. It takes the narrative mode in chronological order. The examples and illustrations grab the concentration and interest of the readers.[13] Development By Classification This technique provides a logical categorization of large number of items making the paragraph comprehensible. The transitional expressions that are used are: can be divided, can be classified, can be categorized, on the basis of, the first type, the last type, etc.[14] For instance: The HR team has evaluated the employees on the scale of 10, on the basis of: Skills and competencies Ratings (1-10) Communication skills Discipline Professional attitude Creativity and out of box thinking Problem solving ability References Renee, M., Characteristics of business messages, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-characteristics-business-messages-22092.html, 2016, (accessed 7 July 2016). Callaway, C., Characteristics of effective messages in business communication, https://www.ehow.com/info_8282358_five-effective-messages-business-communication.html, 2015, (accessed 7 July 2016). Turner, J., and N. Reinsch, The Business Communicator as Presence Allocator: Multi-communicating, Equivocality, and Status at Work, vol. 44, no. 36, 2007, pp. 54-60. McLean S., Business communication for success, London, Oxford University Press, 2012. Bryant H., Business and Report writing skills, Australia, Charles Strut University Press, 2008. Moreau, R., The value of foreign language in business communication, Journal of business information and decision making, vol. 16, no. 3, 2013, pp. 4-12. Brown, M., The benefits of learning a foreign language, https://www.newsminer.com/business/the-benefits-of-learning-a-foreign language/article_d189bc9c-b7e0-11e3-b994-0017a43b2370.html, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). Chau, L., Why you should learn another language, https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2014/01/29/the-business-benefits-of-learning-a-foreign-language, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). Jolin, L., Why language skills are great for businesses, https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2014/dec/16/language-skills-great-business, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). Lorcher, T., Basic methods of paragraph development, https://www.brighthubeducation.com/help-with-writing/34215-methods-of-paragraph-development/, 2012, (accessed 7 July 2016). Green, C., Paragraph development and introduction to the essay, Ney York, McGraw-Hill, 2008. Arnaudet, M., and M. Barrett, Paragraph development, 2nd edn., New Jersey, Pearson education, 1990. Grow, G., Types of paragraph development Journal of journalism, vol. 11, no. 3, 1999, pp. 10-16. Starros, A., Paragraph development: Building better support, https://www.lbcc.edu/astarros/documents/paragraph.development.PP.pdf, 2010, (accessed 9 July 2016). [1] M. Renee, Characteristics of business messages, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-characteristics-business-messages-22092.html, 2016, (accessed 7July 2016). [2] C. Callaway, Characteristics of effective messages in business communication, https://www.ehow.com/info_8282358_five-effective-messages-business-communication.html, 2015, (accessed 7 July 2016). [3] J. Turner and N. Reinsch, The Business Communicator as Presence Allocator: Multi-communicating, Equivocality, and Status at Work, Journal of Business Communication, vol. 44, no. 36, 2007, pp. 54-60. [4] S. McLean, Business communication for success, London, Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 101-320. [5] H. Bryant, Business and Report writing skills, Australia, Charles Strut University Press, 2008, pp. 20-48. [6] R. Moreau, The value of foreign language in business communication, Journal of business information and decision making, vol. 16, no. 3, 2013, pp. 4-12. [7] M. Brown, The benefits of learning a foreign language, https://www.newsminer.com/business/the-benefits-of-learning-a-foreign-language/article_d189bc9c-b7e0-11e3-b994-0017a43b2370.html, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). [8] L. Chau, Why you should learn another language, https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2014/01/29/the-business-benefits-of-learning-a-foreign-language, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). [9]L. Jolin, Why language skills are great for businesses, https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2014/dec/16/language-skills-great-business, 2014, (accessed 7 July 2016). [10]T. Lorcher, Basic methods of paragraph development, https://www.brighthubeducation.com/help-with-writing/34215-methods-of-paragraph-development/, 2012, (accessed 7 July 2016). [11] C. Green, Paragraph development and introduction to the essay, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2008, p. 20. [12] M. Arnaudet and M. Barrett, Paragraph development, 2nd edn., New Jersey, Pearson education, 1990, pp. 30-45. [13] G. Grow, Types of paragraph development Journal of journalism, vol. 11, no. 3, 1999, pp. 10-16. [14]A. Starros, Paragraph development: Building better support, https://www.lbcc.edu/astarros/documents/paragraph.development.PP.pdf, 2010, (accessed 9 July 2016).